Adsorption isotherm studies showed that CV-nCa had a higher adsorption capacities for Pb(II) and Cd(II), with the maximum adsorption capacities being 255.1 mg/g and 137.7 mg/g. The results demonstrated that CV-nCa had a higher pH, EC, CEC, ash content, pore parameters and specific surface area than CV. This study analyzes multi-aspect properties of CV and its nanocomposite (CV-nCa) with nano calcium oxide (nCaO), which include pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), ash content and surface characteristics, aiming to compare their potential for removing aqueous Pb(II) and Cd(II). Vermicompost (CV) and nanomaterials have been identified as potential amendments to adsorb environmentally toxic heavy metals. The kinetic results of cadmium and lead adsorption obeyed a pseudo-second-order model and fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption removal percentage for Cd and Pb were 99.4 and 99.89%, respectively at contact time of 1 h, adsorbent dosage of 1 g, pH=5, and initial metal concentration 10 mg/L of both metal salts. The results revealed that the effective pyrolysis of camel bone achieved at 800 ☌ which possess high removal capacity. Nature of the adsorption process is predicted by using adsorption kinetic, isotherms, and thermodynamic models. Adsorption efficiency of Pb and Cd were optimized by varying different parameters viz., pH, pHz, contact time, initial metal concentration, adsorbent dosage, and temperature. The bone sample was pyrolyzed at temperature 500, 600, 800, and 900 ☌. The characterization of the prepared biochar adsorbent before and after the treatment with the metal solutions was done by using XRD, SEM, FT-IR, and BET surface isotherm. In this study, low-cost biochar adsorbent originated from camel bone was prepared by physical treatment, and the prepared camel bone biochar for the removal of Cd2+ and Pb2+ from aqueous solutions was examined.
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